Eurofighter Typhoon
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Eurofighter Typhoon

车辆背景与资料

Eurofighter Typhoon 是一款欧洲多国联合研制的双发、超音速、鸭式三角翼多用途战斗机。该机型最初被设计为空优战斗机,由 Airbus、BAE Systems 和 Leonardo 组成的联合体制造,项目主要通过合资公司 Eurofighter Jagdflugzeug GmbH 运作。代表英国、德国、意大利和西班牙的北约 Eurofighter 与 Tornado 管理机构负责管理该项目,并作为主要客户。

该机型的研发始于1983年的未来欧洲战斗机计划,这是英国、德国、法国、意大利和西班牙之间的多国合作项目。此前,德国、意大利和英国曾联合研发并部署了 Panavia Tornado 战斗机,并希望与更多欧盟国家合作开展新项目。然而,由于设计主导权和作战需求方面的分歧,法国退出了该联合体,转而独立开发 Dassault Rafale。技术验证机 British Aerospace EAP 于1986年8月6日首飞;Eurofighter 原型机于1994年3月27日完成首飞。该机型于1998年9月正式定名 Typhoon,并于同年签署了首批生产合同。

冷战的突然结束降低了欧洲对战斗机的需求,引发了关于该机型成本、合作伙伴国之间的工作分配以及漫长研发周期的争论。Typhoon 于2003年投入现役,目前服役于奥地利、意大利、德国、英国、西班牙、沙特阿拉伯和阿曼的空军。科威特和卡塔尔也已订购该机型,截至2023年11月[更新],总采购量达到680架。

Eurofighter Typhoon 是一款高机动性飞机,设计目标是在空战中成为有效的格斗战斗机。后期生产的型号在执行空对地打击任务方面装备日益完善,并能兼容越来越多的不同武器和设备,包括 Storm Shadow、Brimstone 和 Marte ER 导弹。Typhoon 在2011年利比亚军事干预中由英国皇家空军(RAF)和意大利空军首次投入实战,执行了空中侦察和对地打击任务。该机型目前也承担着大多数客户国家的主要防空任务。

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图片资料

British Aerospace EAP ZF534 (for "Experimental Aircraft Programme") at the Farnborough Air Show , 1986

British Aerospace EAP ZF534 (for "Experimental Aircraft Programme") at the Farnborough Air Show , 1986

RAF Typhoon FGR4 ZK356 shows its delta wing, July 2016.

RAF Typhoon FGR4 ZK356 shows its delta wing, July 2016.

Close-up view of RAF Typhoon F2 ZJ910 , showing the deflected canard control surface immediately below the pilot

Close-up view of RAF Typhoon F2 ZJ910 , showing the deflected canard control surface immediately below the pilot

EJ200 TVC prototype

EJ200 TVC prototype

AMK Leading Edge Root Extension

AMK Leading Edge Root Extension

S-duct -like air intake partially conceals engine fans, a major source of radar wave reflection

S-duct -like air intake partially conceals engine fans, a major source of radar wave reflection

MHDDs and pedestal panel with centre stick in the Typhoon cockpit

MHDDs and pedestal panel with centre stick in the Typhoon cockpit

Eurofighter Typhoon cockpit.

Eurofighter Typhoon cockpit.

Praetorian DASS: 1. Laser warners 2. Flare launchers (IR decoys) 3. Chaff dispensers 4. Missile warners 5. Wingtip pods for ESCM 6. Towed decoy

Praetorian DASS: 1. Laser warners 2. Flare launchers (IR decoys) 3. Chaff dispensers 4. Missile warners 5. Wingtip pods for ESCM 6. Towed decoy

CAPTOR-E demonstrator

CAPTOR-E demonstrator

PIRATE IRST

PIRATE IRST

EJ200 engine on display at Paris Air Show 2013

EJ200 engine on display at Paris Air Show 2013

The aircraft's turbofan engine (front)

The aircraft's turbofan engine (front)

German Air Force Eurofighter Typhoon 31+17 during takeoff, July 2010

German Air Force Eurofighter Typhoon 31+17 during takeoff, July 2010

The Eurofighter Typhoon has 13 hardpoints for carrying armament. .mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{} Hardpoint Hard point with the ability to hold a droptank Internal cannon

The Eurofighter Typhoon has 13 hardpoints for carrying armament. .mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{} Hardpoint Hard point with the ability to hold a droptank Internal cannon

Eurofighter operated by BAE Systems as a demonstrator with a full weapons load. Seen displaying at the 2016 Royal International Air Tattoo (RIAT), Fairford, UK.

Eurofighter operated by BAE Systems as a demonstrator with a full weapons load. Seen displaying at the 2016 Royal International Air Tattoo (RIAT), Fairford, UK.

German ground crew mount an IRIS-T to a Eurofighter

German ground crew mount an IRIS-T to a Eurofighter

Austrian Air Force Eurofighter 7L-WA in flight to Zeltweg Air Base , July 2007

Austrian Air Force Eurofighter 7L-WA in flight to Zeltweg Air Base , July 2007

Luftwaffe Eurofighter 30+25 departing RIAT, July 2019

Luftwaffe Eurofighter 30+25 departing RIAT, July 2019

Italian F-2000A Typhoon MM7286 of 936° GEA landing at Rivolto Air Base , September 2015

Italian F-2000A Typhoon MM7286 of 936° GEA landing at Rivolto Air Base , September 2015

Typhoon T1 ZJ800 of No. XVII (R) Squadron at RAF Waddington , June 2004. This was the first RAF full production aircraft to fly.

Typhoon T1 ZJ800 of No. XVII (R) Squadron at RAF Waddington , June 2004. This was the first RAF full production aircraft to fly.

A QRA Typhoon F2 ( ZJ932 ) of No. XI (F) Squadron escorting a Russian Tupolev Tu-95 aircraft over the North Atlantic Ocean, August 2008

A QRA Typhoon F2 ( ZJ932 ) of No. XI (F) Squadron escorting a Russian Tupolev Tu-95 aircraft over the North Atlantic Ocean, August 2008

Typhoon FGR4 ZK439 on approach to RAF Marham , May 2020. This was the penultimate Typhoon to be delivered to the RAF.

Typhoon FGR4 ZK439 on approach to RAF Marham , May 2020. This was the penultimate Typhoon to be delivered to the RAF.

RSAF Typhoon 1007 on a delivery flight passing through Malta International Airport , December 2009

RSAF Typhoon 1007 on a delivery flight passing through Malta International Airport , December 2009

Spanish Eurofighter Tifón C.16–44 of 142 Escuadrón, May 2016

Spanish Eurofighter Tifón C.16–44 of 142 Escuadrón, May 2016

British Prime Minister Starmer and Turkish President Erdoğan in Ankara, October 2025

British Prime Minister Starmer and Turkish President Erdoğan in Ankara, October 2025

Eurofighter Typhoon operators in blue with orders in cyan

Eurofighter Typhoon operators in blue with orders in cyan