Boeing B-52 Stratofortress
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Boeing B-52 Stratofortress

正文介绍

车辆背景与资料

Boeing B-52 Stratofortress 是一款美国核常兼备的亚音速喷气动力战略轰炸机。该机型由波音公司设计制造，并持续提供支持与升级。自1955年起由美国空军（USAF）运营，1959年至2007年间也曾由NASA使用。该轰炸机最大载弹量达70,000磅（32,000千克），在不进行空中加油的情况下典型作战半径约为8,800英里（14,200公里）。

波音公司于1946年6月赢得初始合同后，该机型设计从最初配备六台涡轮螺旋桨发动机的平直翼构型，逐步演变为最终采用八台涡轮喷气发动机与后掠翼的YB-52原型机。B-52于1952年4月完成首飞。作为冷战时期执行核威慑任务的战略轰炸机，B-52 Stratofortress取代了Convair B-36 Peacemaker。该型轰炸机曾隶属于战略空军司令部（SAC），直至1992年该司令部解散后其机队被并入空战司令部（ACC）；2010年，所有B-52转隶新成立的空军全球打击司令部（AFGSC）。

B-52的官方名称Stratofortress鲜少使用；非正式场合中该机常被称为BUFF（Big Ugly Fat Fucker / Fella）。凭借卓越的高亚音速性能与相对低廉的运营成本，尽管后续出现了更先进的战略轰炸机——如Convair B-58 Hustler（速度超过2马赫）、采用可变后掠翼的Rockwell B-1 Lancer以及隐身设计的Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit，B-52仍持续服役至今。该机型曾在越南战争、海湾战争、北约轰炸南联盟、伊拉克战争、打击伊斯兰国战争、阿富汗战争及2026年伊朗战争中使用常规弹药执行任务。

在当前核威慑任务中，B-52H仅配备AGM-86B巡航导弹。常规作战时可使用AGM-142、AGM-154、AGM-158空对地武器及多种联合直接攻击弹药，海上任务中可搭载Harpoon反舰导弹与Quickstrike水雷。作为母机，该型轰炸机曾部署D-21侦察无人机，并试射过X-15、X-24、X-38、X-43实验飞行器及多种高超音速导弹。

截至2024年，美国空军共保有76架B-52：58架由现役部队（第2轰炸机联队与第5轰炸机联队）运营，18架隶属预备役部队（第307轰炸机联队），另有约12架在Davis-Monthan空军基地飞机坟场进行长期封存。现役机型于2013至2015年间完成升级，预计服役至2050年代。B-52H是目前唯一现役型号，计划于2030年前升级为B-52J。

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Gallery

图片资料

XB-52 prototype on flight line ( X-4 in foreground; B-36 behind). Note original tandem-seat " bubble " style canopy, similar to Boeing's earlier B-47 Stratojet .
XB-52 prototype on flight line ( X-4 in foreground; B-36 behind). Note original tandem-seat " bubble " style canopy, similar to Boeing's earlier B-47 Stratojet .
Side view of YB-52 bomber, still fitted with a tandem cockpit, in common with other jet bombers in US service, such as the B-45 Tornado , B-47 Stratojet and Martin B-57 Canberra
Side view of YB-52 bomber, still fitted with a tandem cockpit, in common with other jet bombers in US service, such as the B-45 Tornado , B-47 Stratojet and Martin B-57 Canberra
B-52H Stratofortress undergoing maintenance to its rudder with its fin folded
B-52H Stratofortress undergoing maintenance to its rudder with its fin folded
First flight of the B-52 Stratofortress on 15 April 1952
First flight of the B-52 Stratofortress on 15 April 1952
B-29 Superfortress Doc , B-17 Flying Fortress Thunderbird , and a B-52 Stratofortress flying in formation at the 2017 Barksdale Air Force Base Airshow
B-29 Superfortress Doc , B-17 Flying Fortress Thunderbird , and a B-52 Stratofortress flying in formation at the 2017 Barksdale Air Force Base Airshow
B-52H (AF Ser. No. 61-23), configured at the time as a testbed to investigate structural failures, still flying after its vertical stabilizer sheared off in severe turbulence on 10 January 1964. The aircraft landed safely. [ 102 ]
B-52H (AF Ser. No. 61-23), configured at the time as a testbed to investigate structural failures, still flying after its vertical stabilizer sheared off in severe turbulence on 10 January 1964. The aircraft landed safely. [ 102 ]
A view of the lower deck of the B-52, dubbed the battle station
A view of the lower deck of the B-52, dubbed the battle station
A B-52D with anti-flash white on the underside.
A B-52D with anti-flash white on the underside.
B-52H bomb bay: AGM-69 SRAM missiles (front, white) and B28 nuclear bombs (background, gray), as a downloading takes place during Exercise GLOBAL SHIELD '84.
B-52H bomb bay: AGM-69 SRAM missiles (front, white) and B28 nuclear bombs (background, gray), as a downloading takes place during Exercise GLOBAL SHIELD '84.
Members of the Global Strike Challenge nuclear/conventional load crew team lift a GBU-31 Joint Direct Attack Munition into position during a dry run leading up to the 2012 Air Force Global Strike Command Challenge on Barksdale Air Force Base, Louisiana, Aug. 20, 2012.
Members of the Global Strike Challenge nuclear/conventional load crew team lift a GBU-31 Joint Direct Attack Munition into position during a dry run leading up to the 2012 Air Force Global Strike Command Challenge on Barksdale Air Force Base, Louisiana, Aug. 20, 2012.
USAF B-52H Stratofortress TF33 turbofan engines
USAF B-52H Stratofortress TF33 turbofan engines
Three B-52Bs of the 93rd Bomb Wing prepare to depart March Air Force Base for Castle Air Force Base, California, after their record-setting round-the-world flight in 1957.
Three B-52Bs of the 93rd Bomb Wing prepare to depart March Air Force Base for Castle Air Force Base, California, after their record-setting round-the-world flight in 1957.
Soviet specialists inspect the wreckage of the B-52 Stratofortress shot down near Hanoi on 23 December 1972
Soviet specialists inspect the wreckage of the B-52 Stratofortress shot down near Hanoi on 23 December 1972
B-52F dropping bombs on Vietnam
B-52F dropping bombs on Vietnam
Tail armament of a B-52D, the model used on both occasions that a B-52 scored an aerial victory. In later models, the tail gunner was moved from the conventional position to the forward crew compartment before being removed altogether.
Tail armament of a B-52D, the model used on both occasions that a B-52 scored an aerial victory. In later models, the tail gunner was moved from the conventional position to the forward crew compartment before being removed altogether.
B-52H modified to carry two Lockheed D-21 B drones
B-52H modified to carry two Lockheed D-21 B drones
Retired B-52s are stored at the 309th AMARG (formerly AMARC), a desert storage facility often called the "Boneyard" at Davis–Monthan Air Force Base , near Tucson , Arizona. [ 199 ]
Retired B-52s are stored at the 309th AMARG (formerly AMARC), a desert storage facility often called the "Boneyard" at Davis–Monthan Air Force Base , near Tucson , Arizona. [ 199 ]
A B-52H of the 2nd Bomb Wing takes off from Andersen Air Force Base , Guam .
A B-52H of the 2nd Bomb Wing takes off from Andersen Air Force Base , Guam .
B-52 Crew Chief SSgt Figueroa stenciling completed bombing sorties on B-52H (61–0010) during Operation Inherent Resolve , in part of the Military intervention against ISIL at Al Udeid Air Base , in Qatar
B-52 Crew Chief SSgt Figueroa stenciling completed bombing sorties on B-52H (61–0010) during Operation Inherent Resolve , in part of the Military intervention against ISIL at Al Udeid Air Base , in Qatar
B-52H "Ghost Rider" leaving the "bone yard"
B-52H "Ghost Rider" leaving the "bone yard"
B-52 "Wise Guy" leaving the "bone yard"
B-52 "Wise Guy" leaving the "bone yard"
B-52H Stratofortress with AGM-158 JASSM cruise missiles during the 2026 Iran war , March 4, 2026
B-52H Stratofortress with AGM-158 JASSM cruise missiles during the 2026 Iran war , March 4, 2026
NB-52A carrying an X-15
NB-52A carrying an X-15
NASA's NB-52B Balls 8 (lower) and its replacement B-52H on the flight line at Edwards Air Force Base in 2004
NASA's NB-52B Balls 8 (lower) and its replacement B-52H on the flight line at Edwards Air Force Base in 2004
B-52D dropping 500-lb bombs
B-52D dropping 500-lb bombs
Boeing NB-52E during the Air Force Flight Dynamics Laboratory-Boeing Control Configured Vehicles program 061128-F-1234S-001
Boeing NB-52E during the Air Force Flight Dynamics Laboratory-Boeing Control Configured Vehicles program 061128-F-1234S-001
B-52G on static display at Langley Air Force Base in Hampton , Virginia
B-52G on static display at Langley Air Force Base in Hampton , Virginia
A static B-52G that resides at Griffiss International Airport (formerly Griffiss Air Force Base). Also pictured is an AGM-86 ALCM cruise missile.
A static B-52G that resides at Griffiss International Airport (formerly Griffiss Air Force Base). Also pictured is an AGM-86 ALCM cruise missile.
A Boeing B-52H Stratofortress in flight over the Persian Gulf
A Boeing B-52H Stratofortress in flight over the Persian Gulf
Dryden NB-52B launch aircraft
Dryden NB-52B launch aircraft
Boeing NB-52B "Balls 8" at Dryden Flight Research Center
Boeing NB-52B "Balls 8" at Dryden Flight Research Center
One of the two MK 39 nuclear bombs involved in the 1961 Goldsboro crash after soft landing with parachute deployed. The weapon was recovered intact after three of the four stages of the arming sequence were completed.
One of the two MK 39 nuclear bombs involved in the 1961 Goldsboro crash after soft landing with parachute deployed. The weapon was recovered intact after three of the four stages of the arming sequence were completed.
The thermonuclear bomb that fell into the sea recovered off Palomares, Almería , 1966
The thermonuclear bomb that fell into the sea recovered off Palomares, Almería , 1966
B-52H profile, circa 1987
B-52H profile, circa 1987
Boeing B-52H static display with weapons, Barksdale Air Force Base 2006. A second B-52H can be seen in flight in the background.
Boeing B-52H static display with weapons, Barksdale Air Force Base 2006. A second B-52H can be seen in flight in the background.
A B-52H Stratofortress and munitions are displayed in front of the Base Operations building at Minot Air Force Base
A B-52H Stratofortress and munitions are displayed in front of the Base Operations building at Minot Air Force Base