Sikorsky CH-53 Sea Stallion
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Sikorsky CH-53 Sea Stallion

车辆背景与资料

CH-53 Sea Stallion(Sikorsky S-65)是美国重型运输直升机家族,由美国制造商Sikorsky Aircraft设计和制造。Sea Stallion最初是为响应美国海军武器局于1962年3月提出的需求而开发的,旨在替代美国海军陆战队(USMC)使用的Sikorsky CH-37 Mojave直升机。

1962年7月,Sikorsky的方案被选中,该方案本质上是放大版的S-61R,配备双台General Electric T64涡轴发动机和S-64/CH-54的动态系统。1964年10月14日,YCH-53A完成首飞;首批生产型CH-53于1966年9月12日交付作战单位。该型号的首次实战使用发生在次年,当时被部署到越南战区;CH-53迅速证明了其在运输重型载荷方面的价值,特别是在回收受损飞机方面。

该型号的多个变体迅速推出。美国空军在越南战争后期引入了HH-53 "Super Jolly Green Giant",配置用于特种作战和战斗搜救(CSAR)任务;其中大部分后来被改装为MH-53 Pave Low。外观相似的CH-53E Super Stallion是该旋翼机的更重型改进版本,Sikorsky将其指定为S-80E;其第三台发动机使其比Sea Stallion更强大,因此取代了后者执行重型运输任务。此外,许多早期生产的CH-53被改装了更强大的发动机,而其他一些则被重新配置用于不同的任务角色,例如美国总统专机飞行、训练和机载扫雷(AMCM)行动。

CH-53达成了多笔出口交易,使其拥有多个国际运营商。其中包括德国、伊朗和以色列。该型号执行过一些不寻常或备受瞩目的行动,例如1969年在"Operation Rooster 53"行动中捕获并运输一套苏联先进雷达系统至以色列,以及1980年伊朗在"Operation Eagle Claw"行动中缴获了五架美国CH-53。多个运营商在国际任务中部署了其CH-53,通常在北约或联合国的框架下,例如在伊拉克的联合国特委会(UNSCOM)任务、在科索沃的科索沃维和部队(KFOR)、在波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那的执行部队(IFOR)以及在阿富汗的国际安全援助部队(ISAF)。虽然一些运营商选择将该型号保留至二十一世纪,但许多其他运营商选择补充或退役其Sea Stallion,转而使用其他平台,有时是更强大的CH-53E。CH-53仍在德国和以色列军队中服役,是现役最大的军用直升机之一。德国计划在2020年代用最新的双旋翼CH-47 Chinook版本替换其机队。CH-53的最新版本K型King Stallion在2020年代投入生产,开始在美国海军陆战队服役;这正在取代Super Stallion,后者本身是Sea Stallion的升级版本。经过大幅升级的Jolly Green Giant和Pave Low版本的CH-53已于2008年退役,此前由美国空军用于战斗搜救。总体而言,在美国服役中,CH-53在许多角色上被V-22 Osprey倾转旋翼机取代。

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图片资料

The YCH-53A prototype, 1964
The YCH-53A prototype, 1964
USMC CH-53A
USMC CH-53A
HMH-362 CH-53Ds landing
HMH-362 CH-53Ds landing
CH-53E Super Stallion recovers a disabled UH-60
CH-53E Super Stallion recovers a disabled UH-60
CH-53D engine maintenance
CH-53D engine maintenance
Sea Stallion during BRIGHT STAR '85 exercise
Sea Stallion during BRIGHT STAR '85 exercise
CH-53E Super Stallion landing on a ship, 2003
CH-53E Super Stallion landing on a ship, 2003
CH-53E as Marine One, 2009
CH-53E as Marine One, 2009
Israeli Air Force CH-53 Yas'ur 2025 lifting a Unit 669 soldier with a stretcher
Israeli Air Force CH-53 Yas'ur 2025 lifting a Unit 669 soldier with a stretcher
Israel Defense Forces Iron Trails Reconnaissance Company troops exit a CH-53 during an exercise
Israel Defense Forces Iron Trails Reconnaissance Company troops exit a CH-53 during an exercise
IAF CH-53-2025 Yas'ur on display at Tel-Nof airbase, during Israel's 69th Independence Day in 2017
IAF CH-53-2025 Yas'ur on display at Tel-Nof airbase, during Israel's 69th Independence Day in 2017
An Iranian Sea Stallion in the 1970s
An Iranian Sea Stallion in the 1970s
Heer CH-53G flying in the Alps, 2005
Heer CH-53G flying in the Alps, 2005
Bundeswehr CH-53G, 2019
Bundeswehr CH-53G, 2019
German Army CH-53G at ILA 2016
German Army CH-53G at ILA 2016
A S-65Ö of the Austrian Air Force parked at RAF Greenham Common in 1974
A S-65Ö of the Austrian Air Force parked at RAF Greenham Common in 1974
USMC CH-53D taxiing at Al-Asad Airbase, Iraq, June 2006
USMC CH-53D taxiing at Al-Asad Airbase, Iraq, June 2006
USMC VH-53D used by HMX-1
USMC VH-53D used by HMX-1
CH-53G of the German Army Aviation Corps during an exercise in Bosnia, April 2002
CH-53G of the German Army Aviation Corps during an exercise in Bosnia, April 2002
CH-54GA at the 2023 Royal International Air Tattoo
CH-54GA at the 2023 Royal International Air Tattoo
A CH-53-2000 Yas'ur (S-65C-3) of the Israeli Air Force during Israel's 65th Independence Day flypast in 2013
A CH-53-2000 Yas'ur (S-65C-3) of the Israeli Air Force during Israel's 65th Independence Day flypast in 2013
CH-53A Yas'ur at the Israeli Air Force Museum
CH-53A Yas'ur at the Israeli Air Force Museum
CH-53A at the Flying Leatherneck Aviation Museum
CH-53A at the Flying Leatherneck Aviation Museum
CH-53D at the National Naval Aviation Museum
CH-53D at the National Naval Aviation Museum
Sailors fight a fire on the USS Guam (LPH-9) on 19 July 1981. While operating 50 km southeast of Morehead City, North Carolina (USA), a Sikorsky CH-53 Sea Stallion crashed into another CH-53 and a Bell UH-1N Twin Huey upon landing
Sailors fight a fire on the USS Guam (LPH-9) on 19 July 1981. While operating 50 km southeast of Morehead City, North Carolina (USA), a Sikorsky CH-53 Sea Stallion crashed into another CH-53 and a Bell UH-1N Twin Huey upon landing
A German Army door gunner on board a CH-53
A German Army door gunner on board a CH-53
CH-53G engine
CH-53G engine
CH-53D releasing flares near Naval Air Station Patuxent River , 1982
CH-53D releasing flares near Naval Air Station Patuxent River , 1982